a) Replace a homogeneous material with a composite one.
b) Use a variety of materials in different aggregate states.
EXAMPLE:
Carbon and glass fibres in reinforced plastics are so arranged that they optimise the mechanical properties of the parts.
Adhesives which contain carbon fibres, have a more crystalline structure and become conductive to electricity. The setting of the adhesives can be influenced through the application of an electric current.
The coolant used in heat treating processes is a gaseous and liquid mixture.