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40 Inventive Principles
 Prior Counteraction

a) If it is necessary to perform a particular action, counteractions must be taken in advance.

b) If the object is (or will be) under stress, create stresses in advance to oppose the undesirable working stress.
 

EXAMPLE:
  1. To avoid vibrations during machining, the cutting tool is pre-stressed or preloaded to a value very close to the forces generated during the cutting process, so as to oppose them.
  2. Pre-stressed structural steel elements. To reduce the bending of the structural steel elements under their own weight and the working load, the load-bearing profiles are pre-stressed and mounted so as to oppose the working load. Details