DIRECT piezoeffect:

1. Creation of electric discharges
2. Creation of charged particles, ionisation of gases
3. Elimination of static electricity
4. Static and dynamic measurement of mechanical forces, pressures, accelerations
5. Non-destructive testing of materials and measurement of pressure distribution on surfaces
6. Acoustic sensors, oscillation sensors

INVERSE piezoeffect:

7. Fine positioning of objects
8. Transformation of electromagnetic oscillations in mechanical vibration
9. Electromechanical drives and motors
10. Piezofibre as artificial muscles and actuators
11. Active oscillation damping
12. High-accuracy oscillation generators, e.g. quartz- watches
13. Creation of ultrasonic oscillations
14. Ultra-light headphones, sound reproduction
15. Use of piezofoils for the protection of ships’ hulls from marine fouling
16. Transformation of electrical oscillations and signals: piezo transformer, frequency filter and converter, time delay devices

Direct piezoeffect: electrical charging of crystals by deformation.

Inverse piezoeffect: deformation of crystal in electric field.