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- Electrochemical reactions
- Transport reactions
- Chemical bounding of gases
- Hydrides and gaseous hydrates
- Change of aggregate state; phase transition MELTING-SOLIDIFICATION
- Application of adsorbents
- Molecular self-assembly
- Application of complexones
- Semi-transparent and liquid membranes
- Atomic synthesis of substances
- Self-propagation high temperature synthesis (SHS)
- Extraction of substances from compressed gases
- Application of surface-active substances
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Chemical effects